It is especially important to screen for carriers in couples. If there are carrier conditions, necessary tests should be done during pregnancy. In this regard, especially beta-thalassemia, alpha-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis screening tests should be performed. If there are risk factors such as Fragile X and Down syndrome in the family, they should be referred for genetic counseling.

Early detection of anatomical disorders and diseases that may be a problem during pregnancy is very important for a problem-free pregnancy.

By performing a pre-pregnancy screening test for rubella (rubella), the disease with multiple fetal anomalies called congenital rubella syndrome caused by rubella can be prevented. Those who have not had rubella before and those who are not immune should be vaccinated against rubella.

Since it is a live vaccine, it is recommended not to become pregnant for three months following the rubella vaccine and it should be ensured that an effective contraceptive method is used.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening should be done. Hepatitis vaccine should be given to those who have not been found to have natural immunity for HBV. Children of pregnant women infected with HBV are likely to be chronic HBV carriers.

BCG vaccination history should be asked in terms of tuberculosis, and women with a family history of tuberculosis or at risk should be screened.

CMV (cytamegalovirus): Screening test is recommended especially for healthcare workers and babysitters. CMV infection does not provide immunity even if it has been previously. If it affects the baby, it can cause damage by affecting the brain, eyes, liver, spleen, blood and skin.

Toxoplasmosis: It can be transmitted through raw and undercooked meat and from contact with cat waste. Before getting pregnant, toxoplasmosis screening should be performed to determine whether there is any previous immunity. Pregnant candidates should be careful to behave more carefully during pregnancy, not to eat raw meat, to stay away from cats and to follow the hygiene rules very carefully if they are not immune beforehand.

Vaccination and thus immunity should be recommended for all adults who have not had chickenpox by screening for varicella antibodies.

HIV: AIDS screening should be optionally applied to every woman.

Sexually transmitted diseases, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia should be screened.

It should be explained that drugs with fetal risk should not be used.

Örneğin, gebelikten önce akne tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan isotretinoin (Accutane), yüksek derecede teratojenik olduğundan kesinlikle kullanılmamalıdır. Bu ilaç yüz ve beyinde, kalp damarlarında %20 oranında malformasyonlara neden olabilir. Gebelikten önce antikoagülan olarak kullanılan Warfarin (Coumadin)’e bağlı Warfarin embriyopatisi adı verilen anomaliler ortaya çıktığı için bu ilaç gebelikten önce bırakılmalı ve fetüse zarar vermeyen heparin tedavisine geçilmelidir.

Although no adverse effects of birth control drugs and implants on the fetus have been detected, it is preferred that these drugs are discontinued when pregnancy is planned, and that they become pregnant after waiting for one menstrual cycle following the removal of the implant.

No negative effects on the embryo have been detected with spermicidal gels or suppositories applied vaginally.

Women taking anticonvulsant drugs for epilepsy should be discontinued if it is proven that they do not have seizures for at least two years. If these drugs cannot be stopped, the drug with the least side effects should be preferred.

Women with very low and very high weight are at risk during pregnancy. Women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia anamnesis before pregnancy should be under strict dietitian control for nutrition education as well as psychological counseling.

The use of folic acid before and after pregnancy reduces the risk of openings in various parts of the spine known as neural tube defect (NTD) in the fetus. As a result of the researches, all women who are able to conceive 0.4 mg per day. should use folic acid. All women who have given birth with NTD in the past should take 4 mg of folic acid daily for the first trimester of pregnancy, starting one month before conception. Folic acid should not be used in case of a type of anemia called permissible anemia.

Since the children of women with phenylketonuria having a blood level of phenylalanine above 20 mg/dl have mental retardation and microcephaly, it is thought that a strict diet that reduces the level of phenylalanine in the blood from the beginning of pregnancy will reduce the risk of fetal anomaly. All women who are planning to become pregnant should correct their eating disorders, especially avoid using multivitamin preparations containing vitamin A. Isotretinoin, a synthetic derivative of retinoic acid and vitamin A, should not be used because its teratogenic effect has been proven.

The social environment and lifestyle of the patient who is planning to become pregnant is important and may be closely related to the life of the baby to be born. For example, exposure to heavy metals such as mercury or lead, organic solvents, pesticides, etc. have adverse effects on the fetus. Although preconceptional alcohol and tobacco use have harmful effects on the fetus, it is not certain how much of the dose causes side effects. All patients should be asked whether they use alcohol, tobacco, or an addictive substance. If it is determined that he used these substances during the pre-pregnancy counseling service, the possible side effects and harms on the fetus should be discussed. Tobacco use can cause low birth weight infant delivery. Cocaine use leads to various complications such as premature birth and premature separation of the placenta.
Since it has been proven that miscarriage and growth retardation rates increase in case of consuming more than three cups of caffeine a day during pregnancy, the rate of caffeine use should be reduced at least three months before conception.
The fact that pregnancy does not occur in the first months after deciding on pregnancy should not cause stress. You should stay away from stress and anxiety.